Land Rover and Discovery Repair manuals

About the Land Rover

Land Rover is usually a British car manufacturer along with its headquarters in Gaydon, Warwickshire, United Kingdom which specialises in four-wheel-drive vehicles. It will be owned by the Indian company Tata Motors, forming part of their Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) group. This is the second-oldest four-wheel-drive car brand around (after Jeep).
The Land Rover name was originally made use of by the Rover Company for one specific vehicle model, named this can be the Land Rover, launched by Rover in 1948. Over the following years it developed into a marque encompassing a personal choice of four-wheel-drive models, such as the Defender, Discovery, Freelander, Range Rover, Range Rover Sport and Range Rover Evoque. Land Rovers are currently assembled in the company's Halewood and Solihull plants, with research and development taking place at JLR's Gaydon and Whitley engineering centres. Land Rover sold 194,000 vehicles worldwide in 2009.

More about Land Rover

Land Rover has had several owners during its history. In 1967 the Rover Company became part of Leyland Motor Corporation and in 1968 Leyland Motor Corporation itself merged with British Motor Holdings in order to create British Leyland. While in the 1980s British Leyland was broken-up and in 1988 Rover Group, including Land Rover, was acquired by British Aerospace. In 1994 Rover Group was acquired by BMW. In 2000 Rover Group was broken-up by BMW and Land Rover was sold to Ford Motor Company, becoming part of its Premier Automotive Group. In June 2008 Ford sold both Land Rover and Jaguar Cars to Tata Motors.
Design and style for the very first Land Rover vehicle was started in 1947 by Maurice Wilks, chief designer at the Rover Company, on his farm in Newborough, Anglesey. You can that he or she was inspired by as a famous Wwii Jeep that he used one summer at his holiday home in Wales. The first Land Rover prototype, later nicknamed 'Centre Steer', was built on a Jeep chassis.
The early personal choice of colour was dictated by military surplus supplies of aircraft cockpit paint, so early vehicles only came in various shades of light green; all models until recently feature sturdy box section ladder-frame chassis.
The early vehicles, most notably the Series I, were field-tested at Long Bennington and designed to be field-serviced; advertisements for Rovers cite vehicles driven thousands of miles on banana oil. Now a lot easier complex service requirements this is a smaller amount of an option. The British Army maintains the the mechanically simple 2.5 litre 4-cylinder 300TDi engined versions rather than the electronically controlled 2.5 litre 5-cylinder TD5 to retain some servicing simplicity. This engine also continued in use in a few export markets using units built at a Ford plant in Brazil, where Land Rovers were built under license as well as the engine was also used in Ford pick-up trucks built locally. Production of the TDi engine ended in great britain in 2006, meaning that Land Rover no longer offers it as being an option. International Motors of Brazil offer an engine referred to as the 2.8 TGV Power Torque, which is essentially a 2.8 litre version of the 300TDi, with a corresponding increase in power and torque. All power is in conjunction with an All-Terrain Traction Control which gives active terrain response; Ferrari operates on the all similar system in race traction.
During its ownership by Ford, Land Rover was associated with Jaguar. In many countries they shared a common sales and distribution network (including shared dealerships), and some models shared components and production facilities.
On 11 June 2007, Ford Motor Company announced its to be able to sell Land Rover, as well as Jaguar. Ford retained the help of Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and HSBC to advise it on the run information belonging to the deal. The buyer was initially to be able to be announced by September 2007, but the sale was delayed as well as an announcement was not made until March 2008. A UK-based private equity firm, Alchemy Partners, as well as the India-headquartered Tata Motors and Mahindra and Mahindra expressed interest in purchasing Jaguar and Land Rover from the Ford Motor Company.
Prior to a sale was announced, Anthony Bamford, chairman of British excavators manufacturer JCB, had expressed proceeds to rise purchasing Jaguar Cars in August, the year just passed previously; only to back out when told the sale would also involve Land Rover, which he still did not wish to buy. Tata Motors received endorsements from the Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU)-Amicus combine and Ford as a preferred bidder.
On 26 March 2008, Ford announced that it had agreed to sell its Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors, and that the sale was to be able to be completed by the end of the second quarter of 2008. On 2 June 2008, the sale to Tata Motors was completed by the two of you. As part of the deal were the rights to three other British brands: Jaguar's own Daimler, as well as two dormant brands Lanchester and Rover. BMW and Ford had previously retained ownership belonging to the Rover brand to protect the integrity of the Land Rover brand, with which 'Rover' might be confused in the states 4x4 market; the Rover brand was originally used under license by MG Rover until it collapsed in 2005, at which point it was re-acquired by the then Ford Motor Company owned Land Rover Limited.
Timeline
A Land Rover dealership in Capital Of Costa Rica
1947: Rover's chief designer Maurice Wilks with the exceptional associates create a prototype for a new off-road vehicle
1948: The first Land Rover was officially launched the 30th April, 1948, at the Amsterdam Motor Show
1958: Series II launched
1961: Series IIA began production
1967: Rover becomes part of Leyland Motors Ltd, later British Leyland (BL) as Rover Triumph
1970: Introduction belonging to the Range Rover
1971: Series III launched
1975: BL collapses and is also nationalised, publication belonging to the Ryder Report recommends that Land Rover be split from Rover and be treated as a separate company within BL and becomes aspect of the new commercial vehicle division called the Land Rover Leyland Group
1976: One-millionth Land Rover leaves the production line
1978: Land Rover Limited formed as a separate subsidiary of British Leyland
1980: Rover car production ends at Solihull along with the transfer of SD1 production to Cowley, Oxford; Solihull is now exclusively for Land Rover manufacture. 5-door Range Rover introduced.
1983: Land Rover 90 (Ninety)/110 (One-Ten)/127 (renamed Defender in 1990) introduced
1986: BL plc becomes Rover Group plc; Project Llama started
1988: Rover Group is privatised and becomes part of British Aerospace, and is now known simply as Rover
1986: Range Rover is introduced to the U.S market During month of April 1986
1989: Introduction of the Discovery
1994: Rover Group is taken over by BMW. Introduction of second-generation Range Rover. (The very first Range Rover was continued under the name 'Range Rover Classic' until 1995)
1997: Land Rover introduces the Special Edition Discovery XD with AA Yellow paint, subdued wheels, SD type roof racks, and also a few other off-road upgrades directly from the factory. Produced may North American market, the Special Vehicles Division of Land Rover created only 250 of these bright yellow SUV's. Official formation belonging to the Camel Trophy Owners Club by co-founders Neill Browne, Pantelis Giamarellos and Peter Sweetser.
1997: Introduction of the Freelander
1998: Introduction of the second generation of Discovery
2000: BMW breaks up the Rover Group and sells Land Rover to Ford for 1.8 billion
2002: Introduction of third-generation Range Rover
2005: Land Rover 'founder' Rover, collapses inside of the organization ownership of MG Rover Group
2004: Introduction belonging to the third-generation Discovery/LR3
2005: Introduction of Range Rover Sport
2005: Adoption belonging to the Jaguar AJ-V8 engine to replace the BMW M62 V8 while in the Range Rover
2006: Announcement of a new 2.4 litre diesel engine, 6-speed gearbox, dash and forward-facing rear seats for Defender. Introduction of second generation of Freelander (Freelander 2). Ford acquires the Rover trademark from BMW, who previously licensed its use to MG Rover Group
8 May 2007: 4,000,000th Land Rover rolls off the production line, a Discovery 3 (LR3), donated to The Born Free Foundation
12 June 2007: Announcement from the Ford Motor Company that it home loan giants sell Land Rover and also Jaguar Cars
August 2007: India's Tata Motors and Mahindra and Mahindra and financial sponsors Cerberus Capital Management, TPG Capital and Apollo Management expressed their rise in popularity of purchasing Jaguar Cars and Land Rover from the Ford Motor Company.
26 March 2008: Ford agreed in order to their Jaguar Land Rover operations to Tata Motors.
2 June 2008:Tata Motors finalised their purchase of Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford.
Land Rovers were manufactured primarily at the Solihull plant, near Birmingham, but production of the "Freelander" (2) was moved to the Jaguar car factory at Halewood near Liverpool, a former Ford car plant. Defender models are assembled under licence in a good many locations worldwide, including Spain (Santana Motors), Iran (Pazhan Morattab), Brazil (Karmann)and Turkey (Otokar). The first kind BL/Rover Group technical centre at Gaydon in Warwickshire hosts the corporate and R&D headquarters.
In May 2010, Tata Motors announced that it home loan giants build Land Rovers (as well as Jaguar cars) in China as the company seeks to trim down costs and expand sales. Tata announced in October 2010 that they've scrapped home loan giants close strategy two facilities while in the midlands (Castle Bromwich, where the Jaguar XJ and XK cars are assembled, and Solihull, where Land Rovers are built).
At the 2004 North American International Auto Show, Land Rover introduced its first concept, the Range Stormer (Gritzinger, 2004). A "green" concept known as Land e has also been shown.
Models developed for the united kingdom Ministry of Defence (MoD) include:
101 Forward Control - also known as the "Land Rover One Tonne FC"
1/2 ton Lightweight - airportable military short-wheelbase from the Series 2a
Land Rover Wolf - an uprated Military Defender
Snatch Land Rover - Land Rover with composite armoured body in UK Armed Forces Service
109 Series IIa and III ambulance (body by Marshalls of Cambridge)
Range Rover '6x6' Fire Appliance (conversion by Carmichael and Sons of Worcester) for RAF airfield use
130 Defender ambulance
'Llama' prototypes for 101 replacement.
During the history of the Land Rover a number of engines happen to be fitted:
The inlet-over-exhaust petrol engines ("semi side-valve"), in both four- and six-cylinder variants, which were put to use for the actual Land Rovers in 1948, and which had their origins in pre-war Rover cars. Cubic capacity of the first models was 1600 cc.
The four-cylinder overhead-valve engines, both petrol and diesel, which first appeared (in diesel form) in 1957, at the tail end of Series One production, and evolved over to the 300 TDi turbodiesel, which remains in production today for some overseas markets.
The Buick-sourced all aluminium Rover V8 motor.
1,997 cc Petrol, inlet-over-exhaust: Series I engine, carried over for the initial few months of Series II production.
2,052 cc Diesel, overhead-valve: Land Rover's first diesel engine, andf the other belonging to the first small high-speed diesels produced throughout the uk. It appeared in 1957, and was used in Series II production until 1961. Looks almost the same as the later 2,286 cc engine, but the majority internal differences. It produced 51 bhp (38 kW).
2,286 cc Petrol, overhead-valve, 3-bearing crank:
2,286 cc Diesel, overhead-valve, 3-bearing crank: Appeared in 1961 alongside the redesigned 2,286 cc petrol engine at the beginning of Series IIA production, and shared its cylinder block and some other components. It produced 62 bhp (46 kW).
2,625 cc Petrol, inlet-over-exhaust: Borrowed from the Rover saloon range, as a result to demands from mid-Sixties Land Rover users for more power and torque.
2,286 cc petrol/diesel, overhead-valve type 11J: 5-bearing crank: In 1980, Land Rover finally did something in regards to the crank failures which had plagued its four-cylinder engines for 22 years. These engines lasted beyond the long run of Series III production and into the initial few many years of the brand new Ninety and One Ten ranges.
3,258 cc V8 Petrol: The ex-Buick all alloy V8 engine appeared while in the Range Rover immediately of production in 1970, but still did not make its way in to the company's utility vehicles until 1979.
2,495 cc petrol, overhead valve: The final continuing development of Land Rover's ohv petrol 'four', with hardened valve seats which allow running on unleaded (or LPG).
2,495 cc diesel, overhead valve, type 12J: Land Rover reworked the old 'two in addition to a quarter' diesel for the Eighties. The injection pump was driven off a toothed belt at the front of the engine (with all the camshaft), a change in comparison with the older diesels.
2,495 cc turbodiesel, overhead valve, type 19J
2,495 cc turbodiesel, overhead valve, 200TDi and 300TDi: Used while in the Defender and Discovery from 1990. The cylinder block was mimic the previous engine, although strengthened internally with an aluminium ladder frame bolted to the bearing caps, but the cylinder head was all-new and also a direct injection fuel system was used.
2,495 cc turbodiesel, 5-cylinder, TD5: An all-new engine for the second generation Discovery, as well as Defender featuring electronic control of the fuel injection system (with a control unit under the driver's seat), 'drive by wire' throttle, along with other refinements
Integrated Electric Rear Axle Drive (ERAD) technology, dubbed e-terrain technology, will allow the vehicle to move off without starting the engine as well as supplying extra power over tough terrain. Land Rovers Diesel ERAD Hybrid got its start as an element of a multi-million-pound project backed up by the UK Governments Energy Saving Trust, plantar to the low carbon research and development programme. ERAD programme is regarded as the a broad range of sustainability-focused engineering programmes that Land Rover is pursuing, brought together by the company according to the collective name "e TERRAIN Technologies".

Land Rover has presented in the 2008 London Motor Show its new ERAD diesel-electric hybrid in a set of two Freelander 2 (LR2) prototypes. The brand new hybrid set up is being designed as a scalable and modular system that could be applied across a variety of Land Rover models and powertrains.
Land Rover unveiled the LRX hybrid concept at north of manchester American International Auto Show in Detroit, it to be going into production. An ERAD will enable the car in order to operate on electric power at speeds below 20 mph (32 km/h).
Power take-off (PTO) was integral to the Land Rover concept from 1948, enabling farm machinery and many other what you should be run aided by the vehicle stationary. Maurice Wilks' original instruction was "...to have power take-offs everywhere!" The 1949 report by the British National Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Scottish Machinery Testing Station described "the power take-off is driven by having a Hardy-Spicer propeller shaft from the main gearbox output as well as interchangeable pinions giving two ratios. The PTO gearbox casing is bolted to the rear chassis cross-member as well as an 8 by 8 inches (200 200 mm) belt pulley driven from the PTO shaft through two bevel gears can be bolted to the PTO gearbox casing." PTOs remained regular options on Series I, II and III Land Rovers up to the demise belonging to the Series Land Rover in 1985. An agricultural PTO on a Defender may be possible to be a special order.
Land Rover (the Series/Defender models) is because they are available a variety of body styles, from a simple canvas-topped pick-up truck to a 12-seat fully trimmed station wagon. Both Land Rover and out-of-house contractors have offered conversions and adaptations to the basic vehicle, such as fire engines, excavators, 'cherry picker' hydraulic platforms, ambulances, snowploughs, and 6-wheel-drive versions, as well as one-off special builds including amphibious Land Rovers and vehicles fitted with tracks in place of wheels.
Various Land Rover models have already been used in a military capacity, most notably by the British army. Modifications can sometimes include military "blackout" lights, heavy-duty suspension, uprated brakes, 24 volt electrics, convoy lights, electronic suppression belonging to the ignition system, blackout curtains and mounts for special equipment and small arms. Dedicated military models have already been produced most notably the 101 Forward Control and also the air-portable 1/2 ton Lightweight. Military uses include light utility vehicle; communications platform; weapon platform for recoilless rifles, Anti-Tank (e.g. TOW) / Surface-to-Air Guided Weapons or machine guns; ambulances and workshops. The Discovery has been specifically used in small numbers, mostly as liaison vehicles.
Two models that for the purpose of military use from the garden soil up are the 101 Forward Control from the early 1970s as well as the Lightweight or Airportable from morrison a pardon 1960s. The latter was supposed to have been transported under a helicopter. The RAF Mountain Rescue Service (RAFMRS) teams were early users in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and their convoys of Land Rovers and larger military trucks are a sight often seen in the mountain areas belonging to the United Kingdom. Originally RAFMRS Land Rovers had blue bodies and bright yellow tops, to be better seen from above. Almost 30 years ago, the colour scheme was changed to green with yellow stripes. More recently, vehicles have been painted white, and are issued with fittings kind of like civilian UK Mountain Rescue teams.
An adaptation of Land Rovers to military purposes will be the "Pink Panther" models. Approximately 100 Series IIAs were adapted to reconnaissance use by the British special operations forces the SAS. For desert use these folks were often painted pink, and so the name. The vehicles were fitted with among other gear a sun compass, machine guns, larger fuel tanks and smoke dischargers. Similar adaptations were later made to Series IIIs and 90/110/Defenders.
The 75th Ranger Regiment belonging to the United States Army also adapted twelve versions of the Land Rover that were officially designated the Ranger Special Operations Vehicle.
Series and Defenders are also uparmoured. One of the most widespread is likely to the Shorts Shorland, built by Shorts Brothers of Belfast. The in order to these people were delivered in 1965 to the Royal Ulster Constabulary, the Northern Ireland police force. They were originally 109-inch (2,800 mm) wheelbase models with an armoured body and also a turret from the Ferret armoured car. In 1990 there was more than 1,000 produced. In the 1970s a more conventional armoured Land Rover was built for the Royal Ulster Constabulary in Wales referred to as Hotspur. The Land Rover Tangi was built by the Royal Ulster Constabulary's own vehicle engineering team during the 1990s. The British Army has used various armoured Land Rovers, first in Northern Ireland but also in more recent campaigns. They first added protective panels to Series General Service vehicles (the Vehicle Protection Kit (VPK)). Later they procured the Glover Webb APV and finally the Courtaulds (later NP Aerospace) Composite Armoured Vehicle, commonly known as Snatch. These folks were originally based on heavy-duty V8 110 chassis but a majority of have happen to be re-mounted on new chassis from Otokar of Turkey and fitted with diesel engines and air-conditioning for Iraq. Although these are now determined more in common with the 'Wolf' (Defender XD) Land Rovers that many mistakenly confuse involving them with, the Snatch as well as Wolf are different vehicles.
By far the most radical conversion of a Land Rover for military purposes was the Centaur halftrack. It took it's origin from a Series III with a V8 engine in addition to a shortened belt drive from the Alvis Scorpion light tank. A small number was manufactured, and what you previously used by Ghana, among others.
The Land Rover is used by military forces internationally. However, it truly is increasingly being supplemented, and even replaced, by larger vehicles. For instance the Pinzgauer, now built which usually, is increasingly common in roles previously the preserve belonging to the Land Rover Defender, such as ambulances, artillery tractors and weapons platforms. This really is mainly because demands of modern warfare- combat vehicles today are generally required to carry much more equipment while in the form of weaponry, communications equipment and armour. A 'soft' light 4x4 much like the traditional Land Rover simply doesn't the load capacity or strength of a larger medium-duty vehicle such as the Pinzgauer. Even the current generation of Land Rover made use of by the British Army, the Snatch 2, have upgraded and strengthened chassis and suspension when compared to civilian-specification vehicles. Much like the Land Rover WMIK (weapon mounted installation kit) made use of by the British Army. The WMIK is made up of driver, a raised gun, usually a Browning heavy machine gun or perhaps a grenade machine gun, this put to use in ground support, and also a GPMG (general purpose machine gunner) located in order to the driving force, this put to use in vehicle protection.
Highly modified Land Rovers have competed while in the Dakar Rally and won the Macmillan 4x4 UK Challenge almost on an annual basis, and having been the passenger truck put to use in the Camel Trophy and much more recently in the Odyssey Driving Around the globe expedition series with a sponsorship deal. Now, Land Rover does have it's G4 challenge.
Land Rover Experience was established in 1998, and includes a network of centres worldwide, set as much as help customers gear from vehicle's as well as off-road capability. The flagship centre is based in Eastnor, Herefordshire within the uk, which is actually used as an engineering ensure that you development facility. Courses offered include off-road driving, winching, and trailer handling, and a variety of corporate and individual 'Adventure Days'.
Model-by-model road accident statistics from the british isles Department for Transport show that the Land Rover Defender regarded safest cars on British roads as measured by chance of death in two-car injury accidents. The figures, which were based on data collected by police forces following accidents between 2000 and 2004 in Great Britain, showed that Defender drivers had a 1% chance of being killed or seriously injured and a 33% possibility that you'll sustaining most injury. Other four-wheel-drive vehicles scored equally highly, and collectively these vehicles were much safer as opposed to runners in other classes such as passenger cars and MPVs. The figures acknowledge that drivers of large mass vehicles might be safer, often at the expense of other drivers if she or he collide with smaller cars.
Lots Land Rover clubs throughout the UK and internationally. Land Rover clubs break down into a number of groups of varying interests.Single Marque Clubs - Bring together owners of a specific model or series of vehicle along with Land Rover Series One Club, or the Discovery Owners Club. Clubs based on ownership of earlier series vehicles tend to attract the purists amongst Land Rover owners whose interests often get on with restoration of their vehicles to their original condition.Special Vehicle Clubs - At various times Land Rover have produced vehicles for specific events or on a specific theme, most notable are the Camel Trophy and G4 Challenge vehicles which were in love with to the average user, and a range of Defenders that have been loosely based on the custom vehicles produced for the Tomb Raider motion picture.Regional Clubs - These break down into two groups, competitive and non-competitive clubs.Non-competitive clubs activities generally get on with social events, off road driving or green laning on un-surfaced public highways or 'pay and play' days at off road centres.Competitive clubs are a phenomenon almost exclusively found within the united kingdom, who and the non-competitive activities detailed above run competitive events such as Tyro, Road Taxed Vehicle (RTV) and Cross Country Vehicle (CCV) trials, winch and recovery challenges or speed events such as Competitive Safari's. All UK competitive events are run within the framework of rules within the mortgage the Motor Sports Association (MSA) with further vehicle specific rules applied by the host club or association.
A number of clubs are affiliated to the Association of Land Rover Clubs (ALRC) formerly referred to as the Association of Rover Clubs (ARC) the association applies its own vehicle regulations to all or any of the company's member clubs who are able to compete together at regional events as well as an annual national event with vehicles approved to exactly the same standard.
Club Licensing - In 2005 under Ford ownership the Land Rover company became interested in the club environment. An internal club was formed, The Land Rover Club a club exclusive to employees belonging to the Ford Premier Automotive Group (Now exclusive to the new 'Jaguar - Land Rover' group since the brand moved away from the Ford stable). Also, an agreement was generated to allow other clubs to use the Land Rover green oval logo under licence. In 2006 the Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire club were the pilot licensees for the new agreement, who now benefit from a reciprocal arrangement where their own logo is trade marked and owned by Land Rover and they can refer to themselves as a 'Land Rover Approved Club'.
In 1995 Land Rover endorsed the production of a hand-made bicycle using its logo. The bicycle was known as the Land Rover APB and was manufactured by Pashley Cycles, of Stratford-upon-Avon, being the collapsible version of their Moulton designed APB (All Purpose Bicycle) model with leading link front suspension with adjustable damping and stroke. It was easily obtainable in Golden Yellow with Green lettering or British Racing Green with yellow lettering colour scheme. Two more models immediately followed the Land Rover XCB V-20 and was aimed primarily at younger riders (children) as well as Land Rover XCB D-26, also available as the M26 being one of the initial bicycles offered with hydraulic rim brakes, front suspension and suspension seat pillar.
In June 2004 Land Rover released a comprehensive 25 model personal choice of bicycles to complement the automotive range. The three main ranges would be the 'Defender' the 'Discovery' along with the 'Freelander'. Each range has its own different attributes. The 'Discovery' is surely an all-rounder bicycle and is also well suited for a mixture of different terrains. The 'Defender' range is most well suited for rugged terrain and off road pursuits, whereas the 'Freelander' is designed for an urban lifestyle. All bikes are made of lightweight aluminium and cost from 200-900.
Land Rover gave UK pram company Pegasus a license to establish a three-wheeler personal choice of Land Rover ATP pushchairs. The style and design reflected the heritage belonging to the marque, with a light metal frame with canvas seating, held as well as push-studs and tough simple parts like brakes and hinges. They can be collapsed completely flat, with wheels removed in seconds. The basic frame could be adapted with modules to allow a baby to lie flat or perhaps a bubble windscreen to completely enclose the little child. The frame also were only available in long or short-handled versions, and may even be repaired with home tools. The style and design was simple, light, and rugged and able to travel in all of the terrains (hence the ATP for all-terrain pushchair.) It came in three military looking colours: a light blue, a sand colour and olive drab. Production was discontinued in 2002.